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Abstract: Abstract Background Bangladesh has a shortfall of health professionals. The World Health Organization states that improving education will increase recruitment and retention of health workers. Traditional learning approaches, in medical education particularly, focus on didactic teaching, teaching of subjects and knowledge testing. These approaches have been superseded in some programmes, with a greater focus on active learning, integrated teaching and learning of knowledge, application, skills and attitudes or values and associated testing of competencies as educational outcomes. In addition, some regions do not have continuous professional development or clinical placements for health worker students, contributing to difficulties in retention of health workers. This study aims to explore the experiences of health professional education in Bangladesh, focusing on what is through observation of health professional education sessions and experiences of educators. Methods This mixed method study included 22 observations of teaching sessions in clinical and educational settings, detailed analysis of 8 national curricula documents mapped to Global Competency and Outcomes Framework for Universal Health Coverage and 15 interviews of professionals responsible for health education. An observational checklist was created based on previous literature which assessed training of within dimensions of basic clinical skills; diagnosis and management; professionalism; professional development; and effective communication. Interviews explored current practices within health education in Bangladesh, as well as barriers and facilitators to incorporating different approaches to learning. Results Observations revealed a variety of approaches and frameworks followed across institutions. Only one observation included all sub-competencies of the checklist. National curricula documents varied in their coverage of the Global Competency and Outcomes Framework domains. Three key themes were generated from a thematic analysis of interview transcripts: (1) education across the career span; (2) challenges for health professional education; (3) contextual factors and health professional education. Opportunities for progression and development post qualification are limited and certain professions are favoured over others. Conclusion Traditional approaches seem to predominate but there is some enthusiasm for a more clinical focus to education and for more competency based approaches to teaching, learning and assessment.

Abstract: The goal of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various seed priming methods in enhancing wheat growth and yield when sown late. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, following a Split-plot design with three replications. The experiment comprised two factors, Factor A: wheat sowing date viz., (i) 30 November; (ii) 15 December; (iii) 30 December; Factor B: seed priming agent namely, (i) control (no priming); (ii) hydro priming; (iii) priming with 20000 ppm CaCl2; (iv) priming with 20000 ppm KCl; (v) priming with 15000 ppm KNO3; and (vi) priming with 40000 ppm Mannitol. The study found that BARI Gom-33's grain yield was highest (3.06 t ha-1) when sown on 30 November, which was reduced by 39.87% and 64.37%, respectively, by late and very late sowing. Grain yield was significantly increased by seed priming, especially with CaCl2, by 0.66 t ha-1 when compared to the control. Moreover, when CaCl2 priming was used on November 30, the highest grain yield was obtained (3.37 t ha-1). In contrast, when no priming was used on December 30, the lowest yield (1.11 t ha-1) was obtained. Consequently, to mitigate the effects of high temperatures, wheat should be sown by November 30th, ideally with 20,000 ppm of CaCl2.

Abstract: Waterlogging is a serious abiotic stress for Tossa jute cultivation in flood-prone areas or haor areas of Bangladesh. There is no waterlog-tolerant variety in Bangladesh, and hence it is essential to study the growth performance of Tossa jute genotypes under waterlogged stress. Two previously selected lines, Accession (Acc.) 1306 and Acc. 1318, an exotic variety JRO-524 and three popular varieties, e.g., BJRI Tossa pat 5, BJRI Tossa pat 8 and BJRI Tossa pat 9, were grown at Jute Agricultural Experiment Station, Manikganj in 2022. Jute genotypes were grown in three different blocks in which two plots were inundated at 65- and 80-day age, respectively and one plot was used as a control without inundation. Artificially, waterlog condition was maintained for 30 days. Survivability status and other agronomic characteristics (plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, root length, fiber yield) were observed closely after the submergence condition. There was a difference in the plant survivability percentage. Maximum plants (97.1%) of Acc. 1306 were survived under waterlog conditions at 65 days after sowing (DAS) but in case of inundation at 80 DAS, JRO-524 had maximum survivability (92.9%) than other genotypes followed by Acc. 1318(91.6%) and BJRI Tossa pat 8 (90.2%) Among all jute genotypes, BJRI Tossa pat 5 gave highest fiber yield (3.05 t/ha) when inundated after 80 days followed by inundated after 65 days (2.75 t/ha) in this variety compared to the control. Correlation study reveals that fiber yield and stick yield of Tossa jute are strongly correlated; root length and adventitious root length have negative correlation with green weight with leaf, fiber and stick yield. BJRI Tossa pat 5 showed robust adaptive responses with notable increases in both root length and adventitious root length in case of inundation at 65 and 80 DAS. BJRI Tossa pat 5 may be considered as a relatively waterlog tolerant Tossa jute variety which can be used for cultivation in flood-prone areas of Bangladesh.

Abstract: An experiment was conducted during 2022-23 mango cropping season with twelve treatments including an untreated control replicated thrice, in lac research station, BARI, Chapainawabganj. Treatments comprised of chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin 55 EC @ 1 ml/L of water; pryiproxifen + fenpropathrin 20 EC @ 1 ml/L of water; deltamethrin 2.5 EC @ 0.5 ml/L of water; chloropyfios + betacypermethrin 60 EC @ 1 ml/L of water; lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5 EC @ 1 ml/L of water; monomihypo + imidacloprid 80 WG @ 0.5 g/L of water; dinotefuran + pymetrozine 80 WDG @ 0.5 g/L of water; imidacloprid + lambda-cyhalothrin 20 SC @ 0.5 ml/L of water; indoxacarb + emamectin benzoate 25 WDG @ 0.1 g/L of water; cartap + acetamiprid 95 sp @ 1.5 g/L of water; imidacloprid 20 SL @ 0.5 ml/L of water and an untreated control. All insecticidal treatments have found superior over untreated control for the management of mango hopper. Imidacloprid 20 SL was found the best among all other treatnents for the management of mango hopper. The effectiveness of newer insecticides for the management of mango hopper was imidacloprid + lambda-cyhalothrin 20 SC, lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5 EC, monomihypo + imidacloprid 80 WG, dinotefuran + pymetrozine 80 WDG, deltamethrin 2.5 EC, chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin 55 EC, indoxacarb + emamectin benzoate 25 WDG, cartap + acetamiprid 95 SP, chloropyfios + betaCypermethrin 60 EC and cypermethrin 10 EC, respectively. The highest number of fruit retention was recorded in imidacloprid (1.83 fruits 10-1 inflorescences/tree) followed by imidacloprid + lambda-cyhalothrin (1.63 fruits 20-1 inflorescences/tree) and lambda-cyhalothrin (1.55 fruits 20-1 inflorescences/ tree) at mature stage. Gradual increase in number of mango hopper was found in untreated control. Overall results suggested that spraying of imidacloprid 20 SL @ 0.5ml/L of water performed better for controlling mango hopper and economic fruit retention compared to imidacloprid + lambda-cyhalothrin and lambda-cyhalothrin.

Abstract: ABSTRACT: The coconut eriophyid mite was reported to cause damage in homestead coconut in southern region of Bangladesh. The study was conducted during the month of February to May 2016 and 2017 in selected places of six districts in southern region to documents the infestation levels of mite A. guerreronis Keirfer on coconuts. The infestation of eriophyid mites on the basis of percent plant infestation on coconut was more in Barisal and was ranged between 72.94% (Lakutia) to 91.44% (Bakergonj). But the lowest in Gotkhali, 65.77 of Barguna district during the year 2015-2016. During the year 2016-2017 the highest infestation was found in Pirozpur (Namazpur, 92.58%)) and the lowest infestation was in Barisal (Sikerpur, 79.60). However, the pooled mean of infestation levels of both years during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 were more in Barisal and Pirozpur districts (90.34%).The mean percent coconut infestation level of eriophyid mites on the basis of district during the years 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 was the highest in Pirozpur (87.42%) followed by Bhola (86.76%), Jhalokati (86.44%), Patuakhali (86.33%), Barisal district (83.94%) and the lowest in Barguna (80.92%).