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Abstract: Chapter 5 proposes using opportunity rather than preference-satisfaction as a normative criterion. I present an ‘Individual Opportunity Criterion’, which essentially states that expansions in any individual’s opportunity set should be treated as having value to that individual. I give a contractarian justification for this criterion under the assumption that individuals’ preferences are neoclassical, arguing against philosophers who claim that preference-satisfaction is not an acceptable normative criterion, even when preferences satisfy neoclassical assumptions. I then show that the contractarian justification of the Individual Opportunity Criterion extends to cases in which those assumptions do not hold, including cases in which an individual’s decisions are dynamically inconsistent.

Abstract: Introduction Measuring attitudes towards disability is meant to assess which interventions are most likely to create changes in population attitudes. Physical activities, such as Traditional Sports Games, are an excellent methodology to fight against the stigma of disabled people. Thus, the main aim of this study was to validate the Chedoke-McMaster Attitudes towards Children with Handicaps Scale (CATCH) adapted to a physical activity environment. Methods Additionally, we implemented this process in a combined way, 7 languages and 2 versions (adult and youth) at the same time. Results The results showed that the CATCH-TSG scale provides the scientific community with a valid and reliable tool for professionals who want to assess the change in attitudes towards people with disabilities after receiving a psychoeducational intervention that includes physical activity (TSG). Discussion Researchers will compare respective results from different countries and ages using different versions of the scale, jointly validated.